Day 5- International Nutritional Webinar 2K22

 

Nutrition week Celebrations – day 5

Ms. Yelepu Madhuri, Senior Manager Innovations hub and operations, Nutrify today

Nutrigenetics and Neutraceuticals: The next wave riding on personalized Medicine

Genetic guide to good Nutrition

·       Need for a personalized nutrition approach:

·       -Major factors that substantiate the need for personalized nutrition:

·       Diversity in the human genome effect an individual’s response to nutrients, nutrient bioavailability and metabolism.

o   Cultural, economic, geographical and taste perception differences exits among individuals that significantly affects food choices availability.

o   Malnutrition, both excess and deficiency will affect gene expression and genome stability leading to differences in an individual’s physical characteristics during the various life stages.

o   General population based dietary guidelines, e.g., recommended dietary allowance (RDA) or safe upper limits are based on different metabolic outcomes may not.

·       From a technical perspective, nutrigenomics is most useful for dealing with medical and health issues, such as disease prevention. It is best to focus on the information on nutrigenetics to optimize overall health and meet the objectives of weight, fitness and body composition.

·       Nutrigenetics is the interplay between nutrition and our own genetics as an individual.

·       Nutrigenomics describe the effect of dietary pattens, calorie restriction and nutrition supplements on gene expression, thus providing insight into how diet and genotype interactions affect the individual’s phenotype.

·       The ultimate goal of nutrigenomic testing is to identify sub-groups of populations who may respond to diets differently or show distinct intolerances to foods and susceptibility of diseases.

 

 

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS

WHAT WE CAN CHANGE IN OUR GENOME

·       The nutrients present in food enters metabolic pathways where they are broken down, modified and converted into molecules the body can use. One such pathway is responsible for making methyl groups- important epigenetic tags that silence genes.

·       Nutrients from our food are funneled into a biochemical pathway that extracts methyl groups and then attaches them to our DNA

 

PERSONALISED NUTRITION: THE ROAD TO TAILORED DIETARY ADVICE

·       Personalized genotype based nutrition is a concept that links genotying with specific nutritional advice in order to improve the prevention of nutrition- associated, chronic diseases.

·       Differences in the genetic profile between individuals and specific ethnic groups affect nutrition requirements, metabolism and response to nutritional and dietary interventions and this explain the inter-individual variability of the metabolic response to specific diets. More specifically, personalized nutrition aims to develop comprehensive, holistic and dynamic nutritional recommendations based on interacting parameters in a person’s internal and external environment.

 

GENES & LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

·       As we all know that lactose is a sugar (carbohydrate) found abundantly in milk and milk products. All mammals are born with the ability to digest lactose for the nourishment of newborns until weaning. It is composed of two simple sugars namely glucose and galactose. Lactose has some major functions in our body- enhances the absorption of calcium the only source of galactose a simple sugar which is necessary for good brain function and a healthy immune system

·       Lactose that reaches your small intestine is broken down into its simpler units by the action of the lactase enzyme. The expression of lactase in the small intestine usually declines gradually after weaning resulting in adult mammals gradually losing the ability to digest lactose. The undigested lactose stimulates the fast growth of gas-producing git bacteria once it reaches the large intestine causing gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal bloating, flatulence and diarrhea.

GENE AND CAFFEINE SENSITIVITY

Caffeine sensitivity is determined by the efficiency of the huma body to process and metabolize caffeine. Sensitivity has more to do with a peron’s unique genetic makeup as this determines to what degree a given amount to caffeine will affect a person. The DNA sequence of this gene determines how efficiently a person can metabolize caffeine and this eliminate it form body.

 

THE GENETICS OF BITTER TASTE:

In addition of determining how an individual responds to an ingested amount of a specific dietary bioactive, genetic variation can also influence our food preferences and ingestive amount to determine how individuals respond to ingested food for specific dietary bioactive compounds. The genetic variations influence food preferences. Polymorphism in genes involved in flavor perception may decide this. This variability effects food choices, health status and also decide how they are prone to chronic diseases.

Hence food intake decides, health of individuals.

Youtube link- https://youtu.be/gqBXBWa2LJo

VALIDICTORY FUNCTION

CHIEF GUEST- Dr. E. Harini, HOD, Dept. of Zoology, St. Joseph’s college for Women (A), VsP

Title of lecture- HEALTH BENEFITS OF EATING FISH

Fish is a source of many vital ingredients: proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, peptides and lipids and essential fatty acid.

The value of fish proteins is as high as meat protein. Fish has health benefits with its high- protein, low-fat content. In particular, white-fleshed fish is lower in fat than any other sources of animal prtein and oily fish are high in omega – 3 fatty acids. Since the human body must supplu these essential nutrients, fish are an important part of the diet.

Fish provides all the essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals. They provide nearly 3.3 billion people with 20% of average intake of protein.

IMPORTANT AMINOA CIDS FROM FISH

Histidine- protein building. Has anti-inflammatory role to help ease joint pain and stiffness and antifungal functions.

Leucine- increases muscle mass and contributes to muscle recovery. Helps regulate blood sugar and supplies energy to body. It is clinically important for would healing and functioning of brain.

Isoleucine- recommended for professional athletics, body builders. It boosts up energy levels and assist in body recovery from sternous exercise. Important for Hb synthesis etc.

Methionine- for treating liver disorders, wound healing, treating depression etc

Threonine- aids for production of collagen, elastin and muscle tissue. Supports cardiovascular, liver, central nervous and immune systems functions etc.

The functions of all essential amino acids and the type of fish that has them are mentioned.

Fish oil has low percentage of saturated fatty acids. Unsaturated ones are Omega-3- polyunsaturated fatty acids- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA). They protect heart.

A person should take at least 2 servings of fish per week. Young girls suffering from acute iron deficiency must take fish capsules.

ROLE OF EPA AND DPA

They have anti-inflammatory effects- treats rheumatoid arthritis, swelling and reduces levels of bad cholesterol and treats cardiovascular diseases

 

Adults intake- 250 mg and children- 150 mg

 

VALUED FISH PRODUCTS

Fish sauce

Fish Ham

Fish Balls

Fish meal

Fish cake

Fish biscuit

Fish nuggets

Fish soup

Fish sausages

Fish fingers

Fish noodles